Apparatus for vaporizing and burning crude oil



(No Model.)

G. W. CRAWFORD 8v W. A. ROSS.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING AND BURNING CRUDE OIL. No. 411,785. Patented Oct. 1, 1889.

WIT 216.5 'QS! j), l i

GEORGE \V. CRAWFORD AND \VILLIAM A. ROSS, OF KENTON, OHIO.

APPARATUS FOR VAPORIZING AND BURNING CRUDE OIL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 411,785, dated October 1, 1889. Application filed October 25, 1888. Serial No, 289,154. (No model.)

To alZ whom it may concern.- gree that oil is vaporized inthe one and steam Be it known that we, GEORGE N. CRAW- in the other. Beneath the pipe a is a drip FORD and WILLIAM A. Boss, citizens of the pan 6, which is set upon the grate or hot- United States, residing at Kenton, in the tom of the stove to catch any drippings of 55 county of Hardin and State of Ohio, have oil which may escape from the pipe 0, on jointly invented a new and useful Apparatus burned. As soon as the vaporization of oil for vaporizing and Burning Crude Oil, of and the production of vapor has commenced which the following is a specification. in the retort b" the valve a may be closed The object of our invention is to provide and the production of vapor in the retort b 60 10 an apparatus with which vapor may be genand steam in the retort made continuous erated from crude oil or the partially-refined by their own perfect combustion, which is product known as stove-oil, and mixedwith accomplished by the following arrangement atmospheric oxygen and steam and burned and construction: The water which flows in stoves and boiler-furnaces and used for from the water-reservoir through the pipe 6 6 [5 general heating purposes whenever ordinary into the retort c is converted into steam, fuel is used. which passes out through the pipe f, lead- The principal elements of our apparatus as ing forward and across above the burner 12, used in stoves consist of two reservoirs-one where it is superheated and then returned foroilA and theother forwater E-both which to the rear, where it passes from the pipe f 70 2o reservoirs may be located and supported in through the reduced nozzlef, which forms the most convenient manner outside of the a part of the mixer shown in detail in Fig. 4. stove, each of which is respectively connected The pressure of the steam thus generated in by small pipes with an. oil and a steam retort the retort c is great enough to flow from the within the stove. From each of these retorts nozzle f with sufficient force to siphon in 75 a small pipe leads to a mixer into which suboth air and vapor through the pipes g and perheated air is siphoned by the steam, and g, respectively, a-ud intermix them and force the vapor, air, and steam mixed and conthe entire volume of combined gases through veyed bya larger pipe to a perforated burner, the pipe g" into the burnerband out through from which the mixed gases flow to the flames, the perforations h in a strong current, where 80 where perfect combustion takes place, proit comes in contact with and feeds the flames. ducing no smoke or soot whatever. The pipe g, which supplies the air, passes Our invention is illustrated in the accominto the stove and across above the burner b panying drawings, in which Figure 1 is an and around to the rear, whereitconnects with elevation of the apparatus as seen from the the mixer k. The air which is siphoned in 85 p 3 5 front of the stove. Fig. 2 is a top view of the through this pipe g from. the outside is thus same. Fig. 3 is a detail showing the consuperheated before passing into the flames. struction of the water or steam retort, and The pipe g conducts the gas from the oil-re- Fig. 4 is a detail of the mixer. I tort b" and admits it into the mixer at the To start our apparatus into operation, open elbow h. 9o the valves a, d, and e. The valve 6 admits As the steam, air, and oil-vapor are united water from a reservoir through the pipe 6 and intermixed at the mixer 79, the entire into the steam-retort c. The valve d admits volume is carried forward by the momentum oil from a reservoir through the pipes a and of the steanrcurrent into the burner b, as (1 into the oil-retort h. The valve a admits above described, and as it flows to the flames 9 5 5 oil from the oil-rescrvoir through the pipe (0 through the perforations 7L the oil and atmosinto the pipe 0,, which extends a little bepheric oxygen first burn and the steam neath and in front of the burner b and has unites with the incandescent flame, producupon its upper side the perforations Z), from ing water-gas, and thereby deriving a large which the oil issues, and as a flame is applied percentage of the heat obtained directly from 10c burns with sufficient intensity to heat the oilthe steam in its CllGllllCl l combination with retort b and the watcrrctort c to such a dethe incandescent oil-gas flame. It is in this combustion of the three combining gases air, steam, and oil-vaporthat we produce perfect combustion with the entire absence of smoke or soot.

The construction of the steam-retortcis an important feature of our apparatus and attains results in the uniformity of steampressure which are essential in its successful operation.

As shown in Fig. 3, the retort c is composed of the three cylinders m, m and 6, each within the other. The cylinder m and the cylinder '6, which is the pipe 6 continued into the retort, are both closed at their extreme ends and have upon their upper surfaces the perforations Z" and Z, respectively, which are arranged opposite each other in such a manner that as the hot water and steam are constantly discharged from the cylinder e, by its intensely-heated condition, it strikes against the walls of the cylinder m and is thrown down and again discharged similarly from the cylinder m through the perforations Z into the exterior cylinder m. At this point the water is wholly converted into steam and passes out through the pipe f. By this arrangement the throbbing or vibrations incident to generating steam in a single cylinder are entirely'overcome. At the same end of the retort c from which the pipe f is taken a pipe 01 is'alsoconnected, extending outside the stove and having in it the spring regulating-Valve n, from which the pipe it returns again inside the stove. By means of this valve 77. the water-valve 6 may be left open, and any flooding which may occur in the retortc by the admission of an excess of water will be discharged intermittently by the slightest variations in the steampressure within the retort c. The tension of the spiral spring oof the valve 12' may be so finely adjusted that the light steam-press ure in the retort 0 can be uniformly maintained, thus supplying the same proportions of steam to the volume of oil-vapor and air at all times. By thus preserving constant pressure and proportions in the three united gases both perfect combustion and a steady fire areproduced.

From the bottom of the oil-retort b" the small pipe 0' leads outside the stove to conduct away the tar which is deposited in the bottom of the retort. This pipe 0' is bent so as to form the coil 0", which traps the gas and prevents its escape from the retort c. This pipe 0 is only used when crude oil is used. lVhen our apparatus is used in boilerfurnaces Where a small quantity of smoke is no objection,the tar from the pipe 0 may be discharged into the fire and consumed. If an extremely light fire is required, the airpipe g may be closed and combustion supported by the steam only and the oxygen which it contains.

This apparatus may be made of such dimensions as to be inclosed in a stove adapted to the purpose, with openings (holes) for the passage of the pipes supplying oil and water from the reservoirs A and E, the valves in which should be outside the stove.

In applying our apparatus to furnaces or in using them in any place where steam. may be drawn from a boiler the retort 0 may be dispensed with and the steam conveyed directly to the mixer 70.

Having thus illustrated and described the construction and operation of our apparatus, we desire to claim and secure by Letters Patent 1. In a hydrocarbon generator and burner, the retorts for supplying superheated steam, consisting of the outside cylinder, the two inside perforated cylinders e m, and the pipe f and pipes or, in combination with the automatic spring-valve 0 n, all as shown and de scribed.

2. In a hydrocarbon generator and burner for use in a stove, and having oil and water reservoirs connected therewith, the combination of the superheating steam-retort c with internal concentric perforated cylinders e m, and pipe f with diminished nozzle f, and pipe '27, with automatic spring-valve 0 n, the oil-retort b with pipe g, and pipe 0 with trap 0, and the air-supply pipe g, mixer 70, downpipe g, and burners with connecting supplypipes, all constructed and arranged as shown aid described.

GEORGE w. CRAWFORD. WILLIAM A. ROSS.

\Vitnesses: D. S. FISHER,

C. D. HUDGENS. 

